Python Tips

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Abstract

This page is a collection of Python tips.

Including embedded Python code and useful functions.

Embed Python Code

pathlib

Introduce to the Path class in pathlib module.

Intro

Being the replacement of os.path, intended for simplifying the operations on files and file routes.

• Unified the route operations on different platforms.
• Linked call: Support consecutive operations like setup route -> check file -> read/write file.

Usage

• Setup route obj:

from pathlib import Path

# 从字符串创建
p1 = Path("data/files")
p2 = Path("/home/user/docs/report.txt")

# 特殊路径快捷方式
home_dir = Path.home()  # 用户主目录（如 /home/user）
current_dir = Path.cwd()  # 当前工作目录

• Route connection: use / to replace os.path.join.

base = Path("data")
file_path = base / "subfolder" / "file.txt"  # 自动处理分隔符

• Check file:

path = Path("data/file.txt")

if path.exists():
print("文件存在！")

if path.is_file():
print("这是一个文件！")

if path.is_dir():
print("这是一个目录！")

• Read/write file:

path = Path("data/file.txt")

# 读取文本
content = path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")

# 写入文本
path.write_text("Hello, Path!", encoding="utf-8")

# 处理二进制文件（如图片）
binary_data = path.read_bytes()

• Iterate over directory:

dir_path = Path("data")

# 遍历所有文件和子目录
for item in dir_path.iterdir():
print(item.name)

# 递归遍历所有文件（含子目录）

for file in dir_path.glob("**/*.txt"):
print(file)

• Route decomposition:

path = Path("/home/user/data/report.txt")

# 获取文件名（带后缀）
print(path.name)          # 输出: report.txt

# 获取文件名（不带后缀）
print(path.stem)          # 输出: report

# 获取后缀
print(path.suffix)        # 输出: .txt

# 获取父目录
print(path.parent)        # 输出: /home/user/data

# 修改后缀
new_path = path.with_suffix(".csv")
print(new_path)           # 输出: /home/user/data/report.csv

• Linked operations:

(Path.cwd() / "data")
.mkdir(exist_ok=True)          # 创建目录（如果不存在）
.with_name("backup")           # 重命名为 backup
.mkdir(parents=True)           # 创建多级目录

• Wildcard search:

# 查找当前目录下所有 .csv 文件
for csv_file in Path(".").glob("*.csv"):
print(csv_file)

# 递归查找所有子目录中的 .png 文件
for png_file in Path("images").rglob("*.png"):
print(png_file)

留言

欢迎在下方交流~